In this lecture we're going to talk about the most basic part of Grandma the parts of speech that parts
of speech are just words.
And we call them part of speech to understand the different functions that these words perform in English.
So there are of course nouns pronouns verbs adjectives adverbs proposition to conjunctions.
There are also interjections and articles but we're going to skip those because those don't really impact
us when we're trying to tackle the SATB writing section.
We want to focus on the seven.
OK.
So even if you've learned these in school and you're pretty comfortable with them I would advise you
to watch the full lecture because many of us have incomplete definitions and understanding of adverbs
prepositions and conjunctions.
OK so let's jump right into it.
Nouns a noun is the name of a person place thing or idea.
A very straightforward example would be John.
New York car sadness was an exercise I'd like to read the sentence and select which of these words are
the nouns.
Yesterday I very briefly saw a big dog in the street but it was extremely friendly and cute
ok.
If you selected dog and street as the nouns you would be correct.
Related nouns are the pronouns pronoun takes the place of a noun.
Examples are I me you he she it that this these those.
So anything where that word refers to another noun.
So rather than saying Philipe I could say I of course I am Philip rather than saying John I could say
he so anything where it refers to another noun.
OK so here is the sentence which of these are the pronouns.
Yes of course I referred to the speaker and it refers to the dog.
These are the pronouns in this sentence.
OK so next we have verbs super important parts of speech verbs convey actions occurrences or states
of being so you know usually we just think of them as action that's fine to think of them as actions
you know to read to walk to happened to be are all verbs.
So if we look at the sentence again I think we could see that there are a couple of upsy
the verbs are.
So which of course is the past tense of see and was which is the singular past case of the verb be.
So remember we rarely use B as directly you know it usually is and was were Wilby
just the point to note here is that verbs are probably actually one of the trickiest ones because many
of us think certain words are verbs when they are not.
For example if I said running two most of you know most people think that running is a verb but in fact
run is a verb.
Running is not a verb.
We'll cover that in the next lecture the OK.
Adjectives describe or modify nouns.
So examples of those would be hot funny a hot day a funny person a large car a fast plane.
So they're all describing nouns.
So in this example can you identify the adjectives
k so we have here the big dog.
And we also have friendly and cute because they also describe the dog.
The dog is big.
It's friendly and cute.
OK so now we're getting to the slightly harder stuff the adverbs.
So you know it sounds like the adverbs modified verbs and that's what many people tell me.
But remember no that's not the right way to remember the easy way to remember it is that adverbs modify
everything other than nouns.
And the reason why I say that it's easy is because we remember that adjectives modify nouns so adverbs
will modify everything that are not nouns in nice easy way to think about it.
Examples of adverbs are very quickly quietly angry.
Usually if you put an L Y unhatched if it becomes an adverb.
So in this sentence you give away I used to vary here.
Some of these are adverbs.
Which of these words are adverbs
so I think of course most of us would pick very briefly and extremely not friendly friendly with describing
the dog remember even though it has no way but also the word yesterday is an adverb.
So let's kind of break this down.
You can see that briefly mollifies saw right to this adverb is modifying a verb very modifies briefly
So this adverbs modifying an adverb extremely is modifying friendly so that verb is modifying an adjective
yesterday is pretty much modifying the entire sentence so this adverb is modifying the entire sentence
so adverbs modify everything other than nouns verbs
adjectives adverbs and sentences OK next to propositions.
So you know a lot of you.
If I said and what the proposition A lot of you'd say well it's scribe's the like the location.
Like when where something is related to something else.
And I'd say yes that's true but it's incomplete because if I said this is the pen of Philip and all
is a preposition there but it's nothing to do with location right.
Or if I said I made this for you.
Again nothing to do with location.
So the correct definition is to think that a proposition shows a relationship between the words.
It connects a point to notice of course that propositions must be followed by a noun.
OK so examples of these would be in at us from under two and this sentence.
Which of these words are propositions.
Yet this one is only one as in.
Of course.
Right.
It's telling me that the dog is in the street.
The connection between the dog and the street is that the dog is in the street.
That is the function of the proposition OK.
Finally we're going to look at conjunctions conjunctions connected words phrases and clauses together.
OK so that job is just to join things right right the junction examples of some conjunctions are and
but all because if so if you were to check this and insert again which these words are conjunctions.
Well that seems a little easy because obviously they are the examples.
But yeah they are.
But and.
And now you hear that and is joining the adjectives friendly and cute.
So conjunction can just join words but the connection here but is connecting two clauses.
I very briefly saw a big dog in the street and it was extremely friendly and cute.
Those are the two things being joined there.
OK so there are rules you need to learn about joining forces as well.
You will learn later.
But for this lecture the objective is just to really understand what each of these different parts of
speech do so that when we discuss the grammar you will know what I mean when I talk about prepositions
conjunctions.
OK great job and I'll see you next.