In this lecture we're going to talk about adjective clauses now adjective clauses used all the time
in sentences but they're not necessarily tested as the as the key counterpoint but it is important to
understand how they work so that you feel comfortable with them when you encounter them.
Adjective clauses a noun clause in that you know they're just clauses but rather than functioning as
nouns and adjective clauses functions as.
Funnily enough as an adjective.
OK so clauses can act as adjectives with use for relative pronoun.
OK so here are some examples of sentences with adjective clauses and the adjective clauses marked by
a relative pronoun at the beginning.
So what are they.
Well there are these words here.
These are the relative pronouns.
Who.
Whom.
That which whose.
So you'll see that each of these relative pronouns in orange describe the noun some noun before it right
so I know a student who likes you because who likes you describe the student the student likes you.
It's a description of the student.
So in a way it's functions as an adjective to describe more about that now that we're describing.
I know the student whom you like I have a car that is red.
I have a car which is red.
I know a guy whose father is a police officer.
I have a car whose engine is powerful so you reflect on this for a little bit.
Each of these relative pronouns introduced a new clause.
Sometimes the relative pronoun itself is the subject of that clause.
Who likes sometimes the relative pronoun introduces the subject.
It just depends on the meaning.
Ok there's no strict rule about you know what it has to be as it makes sense.
Meaning why is it OK.
All right so that's the general concept that an adjective clause.
One thing you do have to note is that there are certain pronouns you can use for certain things.
Ok you must use the appropriate relative pronoun.
So for people when I'm describing people I can't use which I can only use who houn and that I can also
use Who's for the possessive.
Such as I know a guy whose father is a police officer because it's the guy's father who is a police
officer.
For things that are not people we use which in that interestingly for not people we still use whose
as the possessive case a try and remember this and we're going to look back at the previous slide again
to see how these are applied.
The key points to notice of course are that.
Who relates to people who and whom relate to people.
Which only relates to not people and whose relates to both people and not people as those that case
a lot to swallow.
But look here one point there is of course is a difference between who and who.
The difference is this when the thing or person being described in this case should say person because
it's always who when the person being described is doing the action in the clause we use who because
it's the student likes you the student likes you.
So too when you have the now being described as the object of the action then you use whom because you
like the student.
OK you like a student so it should be whom the student likes you.
So it's a quick shortcut but people often use it to use the word he and him or they and then OK because
I would say the student he likes you would say you like him.
So if I if I would replace if I would use he to replace the student.
It doesn't have an end at the end so I should use two.
If I would use him to describe the student you'd like him or him has an empathy and so I would use whom
because whom as an imitation because that's a shortcut that people often use to decide whether to use
who or who you'll notice for four things we can use which are that the difference is often whether or
not the clause is restrictive.
Don't worry about that too much.
OK if it's restrictive we don't use a comma.
If it's nondestructive why don't we use a comma.
The only real difference is when I use one I don't use a comment and interest active.
It just means that that clause is very critical to the meaning of that sentence whereas when it's nonrestrictive
it's just kind of additional information not really tested in the current iteration of the S.A.T..
It looks like it can be tested in the U.S.A. but don't worry about it too much.
For this contest finally you can see that the possessive pronoun describes the noun with describing
what we're describing possession so the guys it's the guy's father is a police officer.
It's the car's engine is powerful.
Ok so note that even when it's on the person we use Who's I'm talking a lot of process that if not in
a rewind pause reflect review when you're ready come ahead and tackle this example of course press pause
to kind of consider it and when you're ready you ok.
Some of you will have jumped at the right answer right away and some of you might be torn.
That's the usual pattern I see for this one.
So the quick answer is Well there is a special relationship between a conductor and the members of an
orchestra.
Well when at its best can be creative.
It seems to be I'm describing the relationship right and describing the relationship as being creative
at its best.
So because I'm describing the relationship and that thing out of these I'm going to use which the relationship
which at its best can be creative is probably the best choice here.
Of course who's no good because I'm describing the relationship and when Wow I'm not good in this case
because we're describing a time line when describing the relationship right.
Remember when can be used as a conjunction or just describing how when this happens that happens or
it can be used to describe a time you know it's Christmas time when I'm most happy.
Right.
Meanwhile similarly described time usually occurring at the same time.
So the simple The simple answer is I'm describing the relationship so I should use which.
OK.
The College Board does you know often like to play with when as a choice because you know when we use
when as a conjunction it's usually OK just to describe you know this occurring at the same time as that
but once used to describe a time it has to really be following some kind of time that's being described
I can't describe the relationship is when I keep that in mind please.
All right.
This one looks fairly straightforward.
I hope the Crenshaw melon named after the person which developed that is a cross between a cantaloupe
and a continued honeydew melon.
So if you use your instinct you know many of you know most people will pick be an important thing as
well why be wrong and how to fix it.
Well then remember which describes not people but he were describing a person so the person who developed
the had to use who he is I'm describing the person and not whom because it's the person doing the action.
He developed it so who developed
the third example here.
Some beaches are frequently contaminated by untreated sewage that flows into the ocean which can last
for several days.
This one is a little tricky.
So I do advise that you pause and think St think deeply about the meaning and the use of the relative
pronouns in these clauses or in these sentences.
So if you've used the tools that your the tools at your disposal now I think you would have beat him
to eliminate see instantly because of course I have clauses are unconnected.
Beaches are common.
It can.
So they are joined by commerce.
That's no good.
Similarly deal although it contains a conjunction on the meaning of it is obviously weird but aside
from that I shouldn't use a comma before a subordinating conjunction.
One of the web it's shouldn't use a comma before to join two clauses.
Contamination can last.
Beaches are then I probably shouldn't put a comma here grammatically.
And also the meaning is weird but that's ok.
I have grammatical reason Wendy's wrong.
So C and D are gone.
See you later.
I'm left with a B and E eases the semi-colon to join two clauses.
The Michigan law.
So that's OK.
A and B use relative pronouns comma which is OK and that is OK.
So quick question that it is a test on whether you know on whether it's a restrictive non-interactive
clause because it looks like.
But the short answer is No it's not because the meaning is off in a and b.
Grammatically correct so I go to the next step meaning and a and b seem to be describing the ocean as
if the ocean can last several days or the ocean that last can last several days again.
Right.
So that doesn't make sense it's not the ocean it's a contamination it can last for several days is the
medium trying to convey here.
So and being correct is the correct answer.
All right let's look at another example here.
It's a bit of a more complex one.
The article goes on to suggest that the most valuable resources provided by clicking spaces are actually
the people who use them right away I can say this is going to be between whom and who.
So it's a fairly straightforward question in that regard but it's an interesting sentence structure.
So I want to go over it with you guys.
The article goes on to suggest that he has a new clause right that the most valuable resources provided
is provided the verb for resos did reasons actually provide something or other they provided the the
resources that are provided.
So you'll notice that provided here is not the verb it's a participle whenever you can say that our
in front of a past participle you know that it's not the verb.
The resources that are provided by Kokanee spaces are actually the people so the verb for resources
is the verb.
The results are actually the people
who use them.
So again I don't want who or whom to introduce the new clause with use being the verb.
The question is should it be whom or who are the people.
I would say they use them.
So it's the subject.
It's the people actually using whom should be
it's not them use them it's they use them.
So who is right way to go.
But is it uses or use remember it's people it's plural.
So I should use a plural verb.
The use.
So it's the people who use them.
Because it should be the subject.
It's different people and they use them and it's use and not uses because who refers to people which
is plural.