One bonus section here that is kind of important because we see this in news all the time in these sentences
and it's about adjective clauses being reduced.
How do you reduce NGF clause so that it's not so long and wordy so adjective clauses can be reduced
by the leading the relative pronoun and usually the verb to I should add.
Ok so I met a student who has protested the decision simply because I met a student protesting the decision.
I got rid of who and was OK.
So these are equal to the same thing.
If I had to choose between these two as I would pick the second one because it's shorter and more concise.
So the second choice here.
An example here.
The person who taught me is very knowledgeable.
So what do I do here.
Is there going to be the person taught me that a very knowledgeable What do you think.
Actually it's the person teaching me was very knowledgeable.
So even those taught I switched to teaching.
And the reason for that is when the person being described is doing the action like it's a student who's
protesting it's a person who taught right that that person did that action that student did that action
when the adjective clause describes that person doing that action.
I switch to the present participle and use energy.
So I met a student protesting that decision because the student did the action of protesting the person
teaching me was very knowledgeable because the person taught the person did that action taught.
So it's a person teaching me last example sentence my tires which were changed last year I still rather
knew how would I would use this clause which were changed last year.
This is the adjective clause right here because it's scraping the tires right.
But did the tires do the action of changing.
Did they change that they didn't do the action right.
It's passive The tires were changed.
Change happened to the tires the tires didn't do the change.
So in that case the way you reduce the adjective clause is not to use a present participle but to use
the past participle.
My tires changed last year.
I still rather new.
So you're allowed to reduce the adjective clause simply to the IAG or the form.
And you know as a quick test especially for this last example here a lot of people say how do I know
whether that changes the verb or the adjective.
If I saw this in this city remember I told you just try inserting that are all which are my tires which
are changed lost to you in this case it's last resort should be were my tires which were change last
G or that were changed last year.
Oh that makes more sense.
My tie is that would change last year and that's probably what I mean.
So in this case change isn't a verb.
It's not doing the action it's describing the time.
So I know that changed isn't the verb here it's just a phrase a participle phrase that describes the
tires.
You know a lot of people get confused by this.
You know although you get the right feeling you know it's hard to replicate.
And the answer and how you can master this is every time you encounter these in the city you just take
a minute to think about it.
Reflect on what the sentence means.
Is it a participle is a verb.
And if you do that in no time you really get this down pat.
Here's an example of a reduced adjective clause.
These days many students majoring in philosophy have no intention of becoming philosophers.
Instead they plan to apply those skills to other disciplines.
Other disciplines.
Right away I can say it's not going to be D or A because it has an apostrophe.
They both have apostrophes which means it's a possessive but the students don't own the majoring they
don't own the majors.
It's the students themselves as a subject so A&E and all possible answers.
Comparing B and C I can see ones and I N G.
And once the verb to major in something.
So what is.
What do we need here.
Let's break down the clauses these days.
That's an adverbial phrase many students subject
majoring in philosophy have there's the verb to the students have no intention of becoming philosophers.
So right away I know that c can't be the answer because then I'd have two words for students and there's
no and there kind have two votes.
So the answer right away.
But if we break it down we can see that the reason why because the answer is because it's students who
are majoring in philosophy.
So those who are was reduced and I was just left with students majoring and you can see of course semi-colon.
Instead they plan to add another clause there as well.