In this lesson we're going to learn about the positives.
The final part of the modifier section and again just like adjective clauses positives aren't really
tested so much to see whether they're right or wrong.
It's just you need to understand that they are grammatically correct structures so that you don't think
that they're incorrect.
OK.
And the positives are basically nouns that act as modifiers when separated from the rest of the sentence
with commas.
OK so for example when we said Jane a student is studying grandma.
The appositive here is a student OK.
It's separated from the rest of the sentence with commas.
And it's a noun and it acts to describe another noun in this case.
Jane Jane a student is studying grammar.
A student Jane is studying grammar.
Again a student here is separated from the rest of sentence with a comma.
There's nothing in front of it.
There's just a comma after it and Jane is studying grammar.
So a student describes Jane nown describes the now and this is in a positive.
Finally I talked to Jane the student again Khama students are the students deprived of nurse's sentence
with a comma.
So students see a positive.
And Jane is the noun that's being described.
OK.
Some people ask Will how do I know in this prior example whether I should say Jane a student is studying
grammar.
Or maybe it's maybe it should be Jane comma a student who studied in grammar.
Maybe I shouldn't have the second coming there and Janie's actually the appositive and the student is
the subject.
How do I know which is the right way to phrase it because they're both nouns describing nouns I don't
know which ones should be the positive ones which should be the center of the subject and the answer
is rather simple it's what are you trying to say.
A try said Jane setin grammar.
Or you translate a student studying grammar.
What's the focus of what you're trying to convey.
So whatever the focus is that should be a subject and the other thing should be the positive OK.
It's fairly straightforward.
Let's look at some examples.
By checking industry when the factory closed the council kept the economy of the town from collapsing.
This was a disaster.
Many workers had feared pause if you need to.
So let's begin by saying look there's a modifier.
That's not a Delamont if I should say phrase a modifier at the beginning of this clause by attracting
industry when the factory closed.
Oh hey that's describing something.
What was attracting new industry when they were very closed.
The council the council was the one attracting industry the council subject kept Ferb subject verb because
the council kept the economy in the town from collapsing.
Says this was subject verb again.
Wait a second.
I have two clauses.
I had the council kept and this was for those of you asking what about this.
Up here the old factory closed with this when does this when join these who closes the entries.
No good try.
It's good thinking.
But you'll notice that this actually modifies by checking your industry subscribing when they checked
in your industry.
So this is actually another clause.
It's an example of a type of clause.
It's not a noun clause.
It's an adjective clause.
This is just an adverb clause.
This clause the old factory closed when they are actually closed is an adverb.
Giving me the time for when they are attracted to industry.
So it's just an advert basically.
So I never have.
My main subject.
The council kept and as I my main clause.
The council kept with the other clause.
This was a disaster.
So as no good.
So then you could probably guess it seems must be no good too because they have.
I have another clause there the VIA that many workers had would be a disaster.
So again maybe you can insert it whenever you want to.
So I have.
When the old factory closed the council kept the economy town from collapsing.
Suddenly I have a comma.
The fear the fear sounds like it's starting a new clause.
That many workers had There's another closer to that clause.
There's the verb for the fear the fear would be a disaster.
The fear would be a disaster is the clause.
Many workers had is another clause but that's just that clause with a VAT missing.
OK so the fee would be a disaster.
That's another clause it's not joined to the prior clause.
The council kept CC is wrong is also wrong.
I see it was it was.
There's another clause.
It's not joined So a C in the have two clauses not correctly joined.
I'm left with B in the B has a conjunction it has because so notice there's a comma before because.
But that's OK because I can't change it.
Hey remember if you can't change it don't worry about it.
Because many workers had feared a disaster.
No I guess I can't change it actually because you know I don't have to prove because it would be wrong
to put the comma here because I have a subordinate connection.
I have a web it's right so I shouldn't put a comma here.
But even assuming that the comma wasn't there it still be a little weird meaning why I say because many
workers had a disaster.
You're saying that the reason why the council kept the candidates from collapsing the reason was because
many workers had feared disaster.
The meeting is a bit off right there.
This is not the reason why the council kept the economy from collapsing.
But also because it shouldn't come before because to be strictly speaking.
So it let's look at the.
Kept the economy from collapsing Khama a disaster that many workers had feared a disaster isn't a positive.
It describes the noun collapsing.
How do I know clapping is a noun.
Well it came after Proposition didn't it.
Freedom is a proposition.
So the proposition you have to have a noun so it's the active club collapsing it's a noun.
The council kept the economy of the town from the act of collapsing.
It's a noun what describes it it's a noun to modify the collapsing a disaster disaster describes a collapsing
so a noun describes a noun.
This isn't a positive.
And then I have an additive clause that describes the disaster disaster that many workers subject had
feared Yeah there are many workers had feared the disaster.
That makes sense that describes a disaster.
So does a grammatically correct answer.
So my point here ladies and gentlemen is that it's not that you have to know how to use the positive
perfectly but it's that you had to know that hey these are correct or acceptable and to because it's
in a positive whereas the other ones were of course grammatically incorrect.
Here's another example.
Pause if you need to OK let's tackle these one by one.
The Medieval Warm Period was subject period verb was the period was a time of the mountain and the North
Atlantic region.
It lost its subject.
It blasted boom two clauses no good no connection is dead to me could be the Medieval Warm Period had
been had period had the subject verb had been a time and the mountains in the North Atlantic region.
It lasted another close there two clauses be dead again.
OK these two clauses Motro and correctly see the medieval warm period comma a time when you usually
mount temperatures in the North Atlantic region comma.
Ha.
That's an appositive the period is a time a time describes a period.
What kind of time is it.
Is the time of the month of June in the North Atlantic region.
OK so there's not a prepositional phrase to describe at the time.
So that middle part is basically in a positive discrepant period.
I can kind of ignore it grammatically.
I just know that it's there.
So what was the verb.
Oh he is a verb lost at the period lasted from approximately 200 to 300 commoner.
So C is grammatically correct.
I had a subject and then verb with within a positive in between.
Let's look at the medieval warm period comma time of the mountain areas the North Atlantic region and
lasting from approximately 130 hundred sea this time.
That whole thing sounds like it's in a positive right but I never have a verb for period with the verb
to describe what the periods doing doesn't exist.
Sidis a fragment is a subject and a verb is a subject but no verbs of deeds or fragment is incorrect.
Finally I look at the medieval warm period a time of unusually high temperature the North Atlantic region
is another positive in the middle.
It lasted from approximately 130 tendency the first subject I this period.
But then I had another subject for another course but I have two subjects for that one verb.
That's no good either right.
So is dead.
I'm left with C as the only correct answer.
OK last example
OK let's take a look.
Joseph Porter a Hungarian born immigrant to the United States and an innovator in the field of popular
journalism.
Well let's see.
OK.
Nothing wrong with a B because it's an appositive right.
Joseph Pulitzer is my subject that I have comma comma and a noun phrase in between describing puts puts
as a Hungarian Hungarian born immigrant to the US and then live it in the field of popular journalism.
OK so no problem there.
Where's my verb to put to put an adjective clause now.
A porter who established the Pulitzer Prizes in journalism and literature.
Period.
OK that's a problem.
I just ended the sentence for I never had a Pulitzer.
So how can I insert a verb here to make this a clause to make this accurate clause.
Well I can't change AOB because this is part of the appositive isn't the point the verb goes in here.
I need a verb outside of the positive.
So Joseph Pulitzer Well I guess I'll change it because I can just get rid of the who write just a Pulitzer
establish the Pulitzer Prizes in journalism literature if I get rid of the who I then have a verb to
describe what Pulitzer's doing.
Put-Through established the Pulitzer Prizes.
He's another example.
But Jason box an associate professor of geology at Ohio State believes that another factor added to
the early thaw the docks no problem.
You can see we haven't appositive here describing Jason box Jason box as an associate professor.
So I'm going to want to comment at the beginning and at the end of the appositive to separate it from
the rest of the sentence.
That's why a is not the answer.
It's not common at the end and never closes the positive B has to come at the end.
But never had a comment the beginning to open the positive.
So B's not the answer either.
That I'd love to see Andy now see has a comma there and a comma there.
And he has a comma there and a comma there.
And they both have positives.
C is an associate professor of geology at Ohio State.
Yeah that describes some books and he has an associate professor of geology Yeah that describes Jason
Bach but in the Remember I said you can have a comma before a preposition comma at.
Why am I doing that for you not to do that.
The at Ohio State is describing where he is a professor of geology it's modifying that you don't separate
those two ideas with a comma.
So does NOT the answer.
The answer then must be c..
The appositive was this entire thing in the middle here describing Jason Bach's
Beware the caution of positives.
Can have one little extra wrinkle and that's this.
Take a look at these sentences here.
A movie called Star Wars comma is playing the movie Star Wars is playing.
Are they both right.
Well the first one clearly is right.
You know we have a movie is playing Star Wars is the appositive describing the movie that's playing.
So does that mean the sentence is wrong.
The answer is No.
Because in this case it's that idea.
The movie Star Wars the Star Wars is the name of the movie.
In those cases we don't use a positive.
If it's the name and it's that entire idea which I want to say as one this whole the idea that this
movie Star Wars is playing not the movie Jaws not the movie Hunger Games but the movie Star Wars is
plain red in the first sentence.
I'm saying a movie is playing.
It's not a song that's playing.
It's not a TV show that it's a TV show that's playing.
It's a movie that's playing and Star Wars is just extra information whereas in the second one I want
to tell you which movies played in particular Similarly in the second sentence an actor is here not
a teacher not a pop singer not a rapper but an actor.
Is he an actor happens to be James Smith in the second sentence.
We have the actor James Smith is here.
It's not the actor Brad Pitt.
It's not the actor Tom Cruise it's the actor James Smith who's here.
So they're both correct.
It depends on the meaning of the sentence.