In this lesson we're going to discuss parallel structure that parallel structure means that you use
similar dramatic construction for certain things.
OK but we don't use Palouse structure everywhere.
We only use it in certain cases and the first case we're going to be examining is Liszt's parallel lists.
OK.
So lists must always be parallel.
That is each item must have a similar grammatical structure.
What does that mean exactly.
Let's take a look at this.
It's like fishing hunting and to cook.
Clearly there's a list here.
Fishing comma hunting comma and took But as you can see the grammatical structure of these is not parallel.
Fishing is adjourned.
Hunting is a journey to cook is an infinitive.
So to fix this I'm going have to change to cook to cooking for now I have fishing hunting and cooking.
Pretty easy right.
I get an other sentence.
He's a dancer a singer and teaches children.
So there's again dancer singer and teaches children in order to fix this problem.
I want to change teaches children to a teacher.
He's a dancer a singer and a teacher.
And these are all occupations that he or things that he is right.
He's a dancer and a teacher.
OK.
So that was for lists of three things or more.
Right.
Per protip here is that if you really focus on the fanboys and whenever you see a fan boy without a
common in front of it such as here and that a comma you know that it's a list of two things.
It's a list of two things right away.
And since it's a list of things that it's connecting have to be parallel.
But there is some flexibility around this.
OK so he noticed that he said that he would sing and dance.
And the fanboys without a comma and after the fall by dance.
So I guess it's joinings sing and dance these two verbs right.
That's grammatically fine it's joining sing and dance.
But what if I said he said that he will sing and will dance.
Well that's also OK because and this time is joining will dance with will sing.
So it's still a parallel.
Finally if I said he said that he was saying and that he will dance and he's joining that he will dance
with that he will sing.
So again because they danced in that parallel.
These are all grammatically correct sentences.
You have a lot of flexibility when looking at a list of two things to see where you kind of cut off
and what is parallel.
But the key is look off at the end after the end.
If that form is a simple verb you have a simple verb here it's the future tense verb all things that
should be will dance and here you had that clause.
So beforehand I see that cause it is parallel OK.
Let's look at an example.
Pause if you need to
each time Calon turns on a computer.
She has to enter company code.
Then her initials and then enter the password before she can begin working.
So you noticed at least comma comma and so what's the list.
Well is it intercompany code.
No it can't be because usually the middle.
I mean this is just her initials her initials right.
So it's just a noun.
So I guess the list is a company code.
She's going to enter what you're going into.
Going into the company code her initials and not into a password probably and a password.
So the parallel structure is a company code her initials and a password that would make this answer
grammatically correct it's another example.
Pause if you need to
k a talented inverse to artist Twyla Tharp that's an appositive right.
It's a positive because the artist descrive stop and it separated from the rest of the sentence with
a comma.
So there's a correct appositive describing Twyla Tharp.
Twyla Tharp subject has been verb a dancer choreographer and collaborated on various productions.
Again you see a list there.
The list is dancer choreographer and collaborated and two items were actually highlighted.
Which of these two should be changed to make it parallel Well if I change Densa it doesn't match with
choreographer.
Right.
So I'm going have to leave densa.
I can't change choreography so I have a dancer choreographer and I collaborated.
I need to describe her right so it should be a dancer choreographer and collaborate collaborate on various
productions that would make this parallel
OK.
Final example of a parallel list can try to analyze than try to analyze all the answers.
Pause if you need to.
And let's start looking at these and the choices.
You know right off the bat without even necessarily having to look at the whole sentence.
I say all have an end without a comma.
So the first thing I can probably do is eliminate all the services that are not parallel.
OK so let's check a and culminate.
Well what could be linking to and culminate as a verb is commented verb.
So there's a simple present tense for piggin and commnet to A's parallel so could be and culminate.
OK begin with the children and comments.
That's parallel to.
So I see C Oh and culminating so Swezey the I N G that's Pallo this man have begun with her childhood
in Arkansas.
There's no I it before the end.
So C is gone.
It's not parallel.
D has and culminating as well but it has a beginning beginning in comedy so that's parallel.
And finally and culminated.
All this is begun so two past participles in a beginning began begun begun and comedy because comedy
is not only possible but its also the past participle So that also parallel to the Astrodome when he
crossed off due to a parallel structure here it looks like it's C..
So now let's look at other grammar rules.
The five autobiographical volumes subject by pre-position Maya Angelou's so Angelou is the object of
the proposition by.
To have a verb.
My subject volume's.
Now I look it I see other volume's begin with and culminate in her don't you.
A has two verbs for the subject volumes and the two verbs are OK because I haven't.
And that joins the two together.
So A's OK I have a verb or two verbs in this case for that one subject B on the other hand.
There are your verbs begin and culminate but there's a that before.
Letter that clause right.
So these begin in common these verbs beginning comment actually belong to the subject that there is
no verb for the subject volumes so B is a fragment it doesn't have a verb for volumes.
See we've already crossed off D right away you can see others know the beginnings of the verb combings
on a verb.
So de has no verb for volumes either.
Finally for E.
The volumes are begun with a childhood in Arkansas and culminated in her adult years in Egypt and gunner
here clearly the meaning doesn't make sense.
The volumes are begun.
Of course when you try to describe what a style is so we should say they begin with a childhood.
The only time a distraction is begun is if we say you know the race has begun right.
It started but we're not saying that we're saying actually was at the beginning of this should be begin.
The movie begins with an opening shot of New York.
So they must be the answer.
It has verve volumes and those verbs are parallel joined by the conjunction and here are some more examples
of parallel lists.
Yogurt manufactures food scientists semi-colon and government officials are also working together to
develop additional solutions for reducing way.
You can see that I have a list.
Yogurt manufactures food scientists and government officials.
The list of three things so clearly for the last list I want to have karma and I want to have see to
connect the last item in my list.
It's not a because a semi-colon requires a clause before it.
No cause it's not a.
Same to be.
A colon requires a clause before it not B D.
Does have a comma end.
But then I have an extra comma.
I shouldn't have that in that list.
So we're certain that the answer must be a one more example.
Nutritionist's consider a Greek yogurt to be a healthy food.
Colin I remember I did have a subject and a verb there that's fine.
The colons fine it is an excellent source of calcium and protein.
Karma serves as a digestive aid karma.
And again I have a list of things right karma karma and so what is the structure of this list.
Well my clue would be to look back here in the middle one because after that come I can see that it
was a straight verb predicate.
Serves the digestive aid verb.
That means I'm joining the verbs.
It is an excellent source of calcium protein serves as a digestive aid and what am I verb's Well it
can't be a because clause it contains.
I don't want the subject there.
A copy B that N I N G.
That's not a verb.
It must be C or D.
These are two verbs.
The question is is it present tense or future tense.
Well because the sentence contains few calories it's a general effect.
It's a general truth.
So if a general truth is we use the present tense when it rains it gets wet.
I'm not saying it happens right now.
It's just a general truth.
Some That's true.
So I want to pick C as Manso.