Hi, everyone, and welcome to this news section where we will be discussing performance of aircraft
and we will start doing that by the definition of the different weights.
OK, so in terms of weights, we have different definitions, depending on when we define this weight,
the operation that is related to this weight and also how these weight will affect the stability and
behavior of our spacecraft.
OK, now let's see.
First of all, we have the manufacturers empty weights, OK, which we'll be discussing later than the
zero fuel weight, which is kind of intuitive, maximum zero for your weight, operating empty weight,
take off weight, maximum takeoff weight.
Maybe one of the most important is one, the payload, the maximum landing weight and fuel reserves.
So manufacturers empty weights, which is MTW, is actually related to the weight of the aircraft that
is built as it is built, so this includes the structure of the engines and the systems.
All that is required for the aircraft actually to work installations, furnishings and other equipment
are also included.
In the zero fuel weight, the Z that F w this is one of the most important auto weight is actually of
the airplane and all of the contents only and usable fuel is considered.
OK, so this means that we will be considering for this weight and fuel, but not fuel.
OK, as you can imagine, from zero fuel weight, zero for your weight is constant throughout the progress
of a flight.
Why?
Well, because the only thing that changes the weight, OK, is actually the fuel.
So you can imagine that zero fuel is constant because the unusable fuel is a given parameter, which
is constant to.
Then we have the maximum zero fuel weight, which you can imagine is the maximum weight allowed OK,
before fuel another propellant agents such as the injectors or other additional liquids are loaded.
OK, so the idea here is that maximum zero fuel weight is actually a defined a parameter for an aircraft
to be allowed to fly.
OK, so if we need a certain amount of propellant, certain amount of fuel, we're going to have to
make sure that the maximum possible fuel weight is met.
We have the operating empty white A.W., which this one actually includes the crew, all engine liquids
and all the equipment for flight.
So this one is a kind of complete, but it does not include the usable fuel and the payload.
So you may ask what the difference between the operating room to wait and the zero fuel whities and
the idea is basically that this includes the crew.
So flight crew, cabin crew, everyone, OK, which is required for the flight and it does not pay OK
for that flight.
So this is the idea.
Now it does take off weight take off.
It depends on the range intended for flight.
So if you want to go to a very close city, of course you will need take of weight, which is defined
in some way that is different from going off from Los Angeles to Gaddar.
OK, so this one is an important parameter to take into account when designing the range and designing
the flight from one point to another.
This is also defined as the weight at takeoff, OK, and it includes payload and all usable weight.
So this means all the people which will go into the into their flight.
OK, and this implies that for each time, if you if you if you're going to a flight, when you do the
check and all of that, they will consider an average mass for you, OK.
And they would include it in the payload.
And therefore you are kind of included in the takeoff weight that they actually need to resolve before
going into into flight.
Right.
So this is kind of a parameter which depends on on the people and will go up there.
And of course, there's a lot of parameters such as considering the I'm not sure now, but I think it
was one to three percent of the people will not appear on the flight.
OK, and you have to include you include that in terms of the payload.
So it's kind of interesting parameter.
This one is the most important in terms of the design of the flight itself.
OK.
It also includes all other usable weight based cargos or the amount of people who have who said that
wouldn't take on extra baggage, et cetera, et cetera.
You also have a maximum take of weight, which is the maximum allowable take of weight.
All right.
So maximum intake of weight at which the pilot is allowed to take off this one, this is kind of a bit
different.
The idea for maximum intake of weight is the limit of the structural loads which can be loaded OK for
the space of five for the aircraft.
So if you actually the maximum takeoff weight is a given point, it's a given parameter.
OK, if you exceed this point, you're probably charging or you will have it may be OK, then you may
have structural problems regarding the aircraft itself.
Sometimes this has been a problem of not taking care of the maximum takeoff weight may be a really,
really big problem if you are considering some, you know, any kind of flight, you have to take into
account the maximum intake of weight.
And that's it.
OK, this is the idea.
Now, the maximum landing weight is kind of intuitive also is the maximum weight in which an aircraft
is allowed to land.
It can condition, of course, the times of flight.
OK, so sometimes you just imagine that you take off and you still have a lot of weight.
You need to kind of rotate.
You need to move around the aircraft for some fuel to get expelled off the aircraft.
OK, and then you will reach the maximum landing weight, which is obviously clearly it is less than
the maximum takeoff weight, OK?
And when you reach this point, then you will be allowed to perform a landing.
OK, this is kind of an interesting I know some people who asked me why do we keep, you know, just
rotating sometimes and not getting getting into into landing?
Well, it may depend on the weather.
OK, may depend on many other factors.
But one of these factors is when you need maximum landing weight.
And this is just defined by all the requirements and restraints and constraints which are regulatory.
OK, it's all kind of under some some laws, under some conditions.
And you just have to meet them at what the payload is, the carrying capacity of an aircraft, and it
includes people, cargo and extra fuel.
And finally, the fuel is just to find it into usable fuel.
OK.
Taxi out fuel and reserve fuel, which you can imagine, the usable fuel is the fuel which will be used
for the performance of the of the flight taxi out fuel would be the fuel used when moving on when doing
taxi operations on the ground on the airport.
OK, and finally, a reserve fuel, which has to be defined.
And you always need reserve fuel, which is five percent of the total usable fuel.